Psychology can be used to understand and explain individual differences in behavior, as well as provide insight into the causes of mental disorders. When writing a psychology paper, choosing a specific topic and explaining your argument is essential. Reviewing the free essay samples on psychology available in our online database can be extremely helpful.
These can give you ideas about how to structure your work and what topics have already been studied in depth. You should remember, though, that these are only examples, and you should not copy or plagiarize them. Utilizing examples as a starting point for your own work can be a valuable resource in the process of writing a psychology paper.
The fight or flight response is necessary because it occurs automatically as a psychological reaction to anything frightening or stressful. From a medical perspective, any threat to the human body activates the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers an urgent stress response that directs the body to either flee or face...
In the book To Have or to Be? E. Fromm creates two different states of personality: to have and to be. People belonging to “the have mode” concentrate on material gains and material benefits while “to be mode” people concentrate on creative and meaningful work. The everyday experiences are constructed...
It is possible that the physical injuries inflicted on a child may not be visible immediately. However, abuse and neglect often have consequences for the family, children, and society as a whole. The impacts could last forever. Physical, psychological, and social consequences go hand in hand. Physical effects of abuse...
The developmental issues associated with the female bulimic involve issues of autonomy and the urge for developing an identity different from the mother is responsible for the anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The girl places a distance between herself and the mother to secure this autonomy and individuality. The girl believes...
It is becoming a common assumption that eating disorders can result from discorded family relations. National Eating Disorders Association has launched a claim that if there are no clearly set boundaries between parents and children, children may experience the feeling of lack of control over their lives. Because of that,...
Besides physiological differences, the genders have different perceptions of their identity or personality. This element is not based on the anatomy of the concerned individual at all. For example, individuals who perceive themselves as being male in terms of gender have the conviction that they are men. This does not...
As a student, I have seen teachers and instructors use the principles of learning psychology a lot of times. Regarding particular examples, it is known that learners’ perspectives on the process of knowledge acquisition and the extent to which a person can develop intellectual abilities greatly affect motivation in the...
In the words of Pete Cashmore, Mashable CEO, “Privacy is dead, and social media hold the smoking gun” (qtd. in Nair). The concept of social media has altered how individuals communicate and relate globally and become a routine to its users, with families being the victims of its usage. The...
Introduction The widespread use of social media among teenagers has recently become a major public health concern. According to a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in 2018, 95% of adolescents have access to a smartphone, and 45% say that they use social media “almost constantly” (Anderson & Jiang,...
The second chapter in Driscoll’s book, Psychology of Learning for Instruction, discusses the concept of radical behaviorism which is associated with Skinner. The behaviorism concept encompasses experimental behavior analysis in order to proactively manage the principles of behavior as the basis of applying the concepts such as behavior modification, instruction...
Discussing the five goals of science scholars distinguish between description, prediction, determining causality, explanation, and control. Description goals explore the nature of the object of the research while the scientists hypothesize about possible reactions. Causality determination focuses on the correlation of variables. The explanation provides a perspective on the causes....
Peer groups appear naturally in middle childhood and some behavior expressed by peers can be detrimental to a child’s growth. As a way to correct the problems, there should be certain elements of control imposed by guardians, parents, and professionals who are studying and taking care of children. In most...
Adolescent thinking is a phenomenon that is hard to explain. Many investigations have been conducted to analyze the way adolescents perceive and comprehend information. Adolescence is a period when a personality is not a child anymore though he or she is not an adult person as well. This period can...
The insight stage begins with the therapist asking the client to say what they think the dream might mean. As the client responds, the therapist can listen carefully to indicate a valuing of the client’s introspection, to assess the client’s current level of understanding of the dream, to assess the...
Most psychological phenomena — memory, consciousness, emotions, mental disorders, stereotyping, and perception—can be fully explained only by using multiple paradigms, and psychology departments are organized by subfields of the discipline: biological, clinical, social, developmental, and social. Each paradigm has its own specialized language and methodology, and this made psychology a...
According to Jungian psychology, concepts “dream” and “spirituality” are mutually related and have the straightforward implementation and path in figuring out the motives of a man’s dream. Carl Jung was deeply inspired by the work of Sigmund Freud The Interpretation of Dreams and added some new details to the theory...
Depression is a common mental health disorder, especially in some groups, such as adolescents and middle-aged women. Older people are also vulnerable due to their deteriorating health and quality of life. Depression is a comorbid disorder that leads to serious health issues resulting in significant financial losses for individuals and...
In psychology, there has been extensive research based on the debate concerning the interdependency of emotion and cognition. Since these two systems of processing information are based on a complex combination of neurobiological processes in the brain, the intensity of the effect of one on another has been studied in-depth....
Stress is part of human life because people encounter frustrations daily at the workplace and at home. Although there is real evidence of what triggers different types of stress, there are instances when people get stressed out without concrete reasons. In most instances, the stress is self-imposed, and people do...
When creating a favorable impression on a client, being a practitioner in oil and gas in the Middle East, it is of crucial importance to subconsciously follow the principles of helping skills throughout the communication. When working with a client, I will explicitly execute these skills in order to encourage...
Test bias does explain the consistently reported differential test performance for a number of reasons. First of all, the bias may arise from the inherent features of its design such as online distribution where the control could be exercised only partially, and the possibility of providing assistance may be limited....
A three-year-old child is more eager to interact with other people and understand their expectations. The rate at which a child develops his or her language skills may vary greatly while remaining within the normal spectrum. Some children I know are rather talkative and communicate in full sentences, whereas others...
There are so many imagery strategies. The most used and most effective strategy to enhance memory is visual imagery. It is the mental representation of the stimuli when it is not actually present. Different studies done in laboratories shows that the cerebral cortex gets actively charged activated during visual imagery....
Various examples of dreams and their interpretation are available due to the work of many psychologists and others interested in the phenomenon of people. Many philosophers paid attention to the truth of dreams implementation in the real life. Sigmund Freud wrote about dreams as arches of further actions in a...
Being sexually harassed as a teenager leads to several negative effects. The teenager victims get a feeling of powerlessness such that throughout their lives, they would feel that they have no control of their own lives. Feelings of lacking choices to offer their bodies some protection. These teenagers live with...
Personality is a collection of characteristics, thoughts, behaviors, feelings, attitudes, approaches, all of which, in unison, make up a complete individual. There are several factors that impact the development of personality, and humanistic theorists like Maslow and Rogers emphasize rationality, consciousness, and freedom of thought and action when studying personality....
Maslow’s theory of self-actualization postulates that human motives can be organized into a hierarchy of needs, which is a systematic arrangement of needs of an individual on the basis of priority of fulfillment of needs. According to Maslow, the most basic physiological needs of individuals, including food, water, sleep, shelter,...
The human mind is responsible for the cognitive functions of the brain that includes consciousness, thought, and reasoning. These cognitive processes work together with physiological systems to produce a notion of existence. It is through existence that humans are capable of perceiving our surroundings, a key influencer of our thoughts...
Dreams are one of the most fascinating things for people; during ancient times, lots of scientists and philosophers wanted to examine what our dreams were made of, and how it was possible to analyze all those dreams. So, dream analysis is considered to be as oldest in this world. Sigmund...
Mental illness is a health problem that leads to distortion in a person’s way of thinking, feeling, and frame of mind. People suffering from this condition often find it difficult to relate well with others and may have difficulties undertaking routine tasks. There are many problems associated with the use...
Many psychologists who have expounded on this theory seem to agree that the best mode of learning should be focused on the student and headed by the student. The teacher at this point is seen rather as a facilitator of the process rather than the knowledge giver, hence the learner...
Motivational interviewing presents a good way to approach the work of counseling drug addicts through assisting them make decisions to change from their lifestyles, but under a stepwise process that allows them to adapt to a new life. To avoid pushing hard on the addict, it is worth noting that...
In case the relationships among family members are unhealthy, the risk of psychological trauma increases significantly. Parental abuse and violence against children are severe threats since a child cannot provide adequate resistance and is forced to experience adults’ pressure. The National Child Traumatic Stress Network lists the traumas that arise...
The modern scientific community uses numerous types of research to establish connections between psychology and learning. They include longitudinal studies, qualitative and quantitative methods, mixed-method designs, observational studies, descriptive research, and many other approaches to studying some phenomena (Lin-Siegler, Dweck, & Cohen, 2016). The advancements of psychology research are widely...
Stress is an inevitable part of our lives since it is a physiological response to life. Whereas some stressors can be managed, others, such as the loss of a loved one or of an inability to perform, can be more demanding. When it becomes long-term, it gets very serious because...
In psychology, ethics and professional codes of Practice are the core of the profession. They stipulate norms and conditions of working with clients and their relatives. Sternberg underlines that there are many institutions catering for the needs of the nation in cases they have problems with health, but their cooperation...
The theory of mind is vital for having a give-and-take conversation and for realizing that other people do not always have the best interests at heart. The theory of mind can be described as the ability to use such concepts as intentions, goals, and perceptions to interpret behavior. With the...
Now people have become more interested in and aware of psychological tricks and ideas. Mental health is one of the critical issues of modern society. Nevertheless, psychology is still an underestimated science area; however, it has obvious value for every person. To explain psychology, specific examples of its application in...
I already feel that psychology has had a significant positive effect on my life. I know more about myself, my thoughts, feelings, and emotions. This allows me to live more consciously and to be attentive to myself and others. I think that I will continue to study different aspects of...
Although societies use the terms counseling and guidance interchangeably, the terms are different. Fundamentally, the confusion that is evident in society concerning the terms emanates from the role that counseling and guidance play in human life. Imperatively, both counseling and guidance help a person address a problem and attain a...
Counseling is a process, which calls for attention and close assessment of clients from therapists, who take time to understand their requirements and provide a workable and practical solution. Apparently, therapy is a process, which involves a counselor and the client working together in a confidential manner. In some instances,...
Defense mechanisms are a phenomenon of the human psyche described by Sigmund Freud as a mechanism of reducing and coping with anxiety. This behavior is a direct result of a dangerous stimulus or when the superego, or identity, challenges the ego. Thus, when a potentially hazardous or allegedly threatening variable...
Models of development are very instrumental in addressing issues that characterize individuals and families. While the models have differences, they also have general characteristics. The characteristics include focus on human development, judgment, and focus on the impact of external forces on human behavior. For instance, Piaget’s Model of Cognitive Development...
Blinders are factors or perceptions that “prevent someone from gaining a full understanding of a situation” when making a decision where several competing interests are at play. Blinders may derail the decision-making process as a result of the perceptions held by an agent about to make a decision. Blinder is...
Structural analysis is a process of organizing and manipulating antecedent conditions as well as documenting the occurrence of interfering behaviors within a specified context. A structural analysis aims at examining hypotheses regarding variables that instigate interfering behaviors. Therefore, identifiable outcomes are not produced conditionally. On the other hand, a consequence...
Chapter 1 in Driscoll’s book, Psychology of Learning for Instruction, dwells on different theories of learning and their illustrations. The author discusses the history of learning from the epistemological (objectivism, pragmatism, and interpretivism) and experimental (Ebbinghaus, Thorndike, Pavlov, and Gestalt theories) perspectives. Learning resources are presented as part and parcel...
Preoperational thinking gives parents and professionals an idea of how a child is developing and the emerging identities of the child. Preoperational thinking is good for communication. It allows children to use symbols to engage their memories. They also understand objects in space, and they can be able to interpret...
There are vivid differences and similarities between the feminist therapeutic approach and post-modern concepts. In addition, a number of therapeutic approaches are applied in works of art. Research evidence indicates that a narrative approach, feminist therapeutic approach, and post-modern approach are some of the diverse perspectives used by artists to...
Challenge to Be Solved With the increasing world population, the number of visitors who usually come to people’s homes has increased. They may be friends, relatives, or even strangers who seek direction. Although there are numerous technological advancements that have been made to ensure that the lives of modern people...
It is essential to know that genetic predispositions and children’s innate physical characteristics are important. However, experiences also contribute to brain development and the acquisition of proper cognitive skills. Particularly, sports and building games that are popular among children allow them to gain more experience in interacting with physical space....
The history of human nature is impossible to imagine without the concept of conflict. However, while most people perceive the very notion of conflict to be an extremely negative phenomenon that should be avoided when possible, it is, indeed, the thing that pushes many people beyond the limits of their...
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs involves five categories of a person’s needs. The latter ones are in a specific order – from basic psychological needs to self-actualization. According to this theory, needs that are unsatisfied to the greatest degree start being the dominant ones. They stimulate an individual to fulfill them,...
There are several possible ways to explain the fact that we may feel stressed in situations where there is no real danger involved. First of all, imagination is an extremely powerful tool. In some cases, there is no need for a real threat to appear because one’s brain can make...
The biological foundations of psychology are important because Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced greatly by the nature of the body. The aspects of human biology directly relevant to understanding behavior are the brain and nervous system,...
Peak experiences are experiences that characterize transpersonal and ecstatic states. According to Maslow, peak experiences involve opening up one’s vision through limitless horizons, individuals feeling of greater power or helplessness, failure to place in time and space, and the conviction that valuable happenings. These experiences strengthen or transform an individual’s...
Yes, psychology makes a significant difference in people’s lives. The application of psychology in real life can be seen through the following examples: psychological tests offer an objective quantifiable means of assessing human talents, abilities, strengths, and weaknesses; the concept of positive reinforcement has found wide application in schools and...
The subject of bullying is one of the greatest challenges that modern pedagogy has to face. It disrupts the learning process and causes physical and psychological problems to both the victim and the perpetrator. Almost every class has at least one antisocial element that needs to be dealt with on...
In many cultures, smiling is perceived differently. One of the broader differences lies between western cultures, which are largely considered “smiling cultures,” versus non-smiling cultures, such as Asian and Eastern-European cultures. The article “Do only fools smile at strangers?” by Krys, Hansen, Xing, Szarota, and Yang “seeks to analyze social...
According to the definition, aging is a complex biological process, accompanied by retardation of the main life cycles. However, following the personal philosophy of aging, it is possible to provide a refutation of a general idea that, in the majority of cases, aging is depressing. Thus, scholars state that “preliminary...
The theory of processing levels is a concept developed in cognitive psychology in which the amount of memorization is associated with a particular level of information processing. The prolonged and qualitative memorization depends on the depth of the processing level. Explanation: The levels of processing theory were developed by Fergus...
Now, let us consider the ways to deal with specific problems in real world situations with the knowledge we possess. Problem solving is an essential part of human life which may be “defined as any goal-directed sequence of cognitive operations.” For our evaluation, let us use the example of the...
The components or processes of the development of intelligence are ambiguous in the psychometric approach. The scores of intelligence tests cannot answer questions such as: What particular ability can be regarded as a component of intelligence? Or, how do individuals come to the solution of the problem? The psychometric approach...
The best personality theory to explain the contemporary patterns of development of a personality seems to be the psychodynamic theory of Sigmund Freud. This theory is highly relevant for the present period of time as the influence of the unconscious level of the human mind on human behavior, motivation and...
The humanistic approach to personality is based on the research and studies of eminent psychologists, including Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and George Kelly, and is built on the premise that human beings are responsible for their lives and the actions which they take through the course of their lives which...
Balance and confirmation are the issues, which have to be mentioned during the analysis of dreams and their meaning. Proper balancing help to comprehend what makes this life fulfilling, and why people make mistakes. With the help of confirmation, people get a chance to realize that there is a certain...
According to Erikson’s theory, middle adulthood faces the main conflict between generativity and stagnation. Generativity may be defined as “the concern in establishing and guiding the next generation” that becomes a key developmental event for the middle adulthood stage. When people realize that half of their life has passed, they...
The self-care exercises have shown to be imperative for identifying my personal views on how the high levels of stress can be reduced and managed. The five activities chosen to reach the desired self-care goals include spending time in nature, getting a massage, having a 20-minute nap, blocking out 30...
Taking into account the course materials, I can say that if all behavior is explained by information-processing operations, and given that these operations are expressed by a program of rules, then, according to the information-processing paradigm, all behavior involves rules. The three units selected for analysis are memory models and processes; knowledge...
Introduction Mental illness in adults is a significant life-altering burden that affects not only the individuals diagnosed with an issue but also their families. A range of psychological concerns from mild to severe impairs human social life, physical health, overall well-being, functioning in the workplace, and might lead to unfavorable...
Introduction There are several different schools of thought in psychological science, and one of them is cognitive psychology. This field explores people’s thinking as a major factor influencing their behaviors in various situations. The development of cognitive psychology began during the cognitive revolution of the twentieth century, and it emphasized...
Introduction The theory of cognitive development, formed by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, in its time introduced a large number of new ideas into psychology. His was to describe the evolution of mental processes such as memory, imagination, and logic within a given individual. According to the scientist, child development...
Introduction Emotion reflects a person’s subjective attitude toward objects and phenomena of the world around them, other people, and oneself in the form of direct experience. Often emotions are a way of expressing human feelings and create a subjective field of reality in which it will exist. The number of...
School psychologists play essential roles in determining the provision of special education services. They work to improve the students’ lives across several fields, including assistance with academic performance, enhancing social skills, and conflict resolution behaviors. One might expect to see various disabilities, and the most common types include mobility, vision,...
Seminal Background Existing research on the influence of leadership on the state of affairs within an organization has been covered in many leadership theories that first appeared in mid-1960s and then have been improved over time to appeal to contemporary organizations. Some of the earliest theories include situational leadership promoted...
Introduction The KMTJT is a well-known company specializing in making developmentally appropriate toys for children. The dinosaur sorting and stacking toy blocks are specially designed to help children nest and sort the blocks (Amazon.com, 2020). Twelve pieces are connected and help in organizing and arranging in good order. It has...
Introduction Middle childhood is characterized by a steady growth process across all four dimensions: cognitive, physical, social, and emotional. The growth across the physical and motor areas is a continuation of the previous development stage. However, cognitive growth experiences greater advances, an observation also made in the emotional and social...
Introduction Group and family therapies are an important and effective way to deal with various psychological or mental illnesses. One applies it while dealing with depression, anxiety, paranoia, and mostly under multiple types of addiction, including drug, alcohol, and gambling addiction. These therapies are effective since the patient acts as...
To identify the aspects that might impact a team’s productive capacity, the article ‘Team performance criteria and threats to productivity’ outlines multiple threats to efficiency. It then determines how these risks can be handled and mitigated to keep a team successful. The managing steps given ought to be implemented by...
Introduction Family therapy initiates change and nurtures the development of intimate bonds between family members. Family therapists are more interested in solving a problem rather than identifying the cause. Postmodern approaches include narrative and solution-focused therapies and are grounded on the idea that reality is relative and is influenced by...
Eating disorders are a common psychological problem in many modern people, especially women. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder “characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight” (Anorexia nervosa, n.d). People affected by this disorder focus on weight...
A person-centered (formerly known as client-centered) therapy is an approach in psychotherapy developed by humanist psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s. As opposed to the psychodynamic perspective, Rogers’ theory (1980) emphasized the importance of consciousness, particularly that of high self-awareness, because it allows for making more informed choices, true to...
Introduction Environment shapes the way people develop, and childhood affects many aspects of adult life. Individuals raised in a hostile environment, such as those experiencing physical or mental neglect or abuse, are likely to feel the long-term effects later in their lives. In their essay Religiosity and Interpersonal Problems Explain...
Introduction Teens and young adults these days are exposed to many risks that affect society. These risks include tobacco smoking, suicide, domestic violence, and mental health problems. These problems affect adolescents’ and young adults’ physical health and emotional state, causing depression and frustration. The fight against such ailments is not...
Abstract Friends, environment, and culture influence our behaviors. An individual’s behavior comprises of a range of physical acts and visible emotions. The variables that are closely connected with our everyday life are music, media, and culture. As such, the three variables influence aggressive behaviors. The article below focuses on the...
The Perspective of Social Psychology The three main areas of social psychology in terms of influencing behavior social thinking, social influence, and social relations/behavior. Social thinking deals with how behaviors are attributed. The concept argues that behavior is a product of the situation and the individual. There is the principle...
Abstract Lack of discipline among children often results in adolescent delinquency. The research was aimed at discussing the issues revolving around disciplining and making recommendations on how to deal with them. By achieving this objective, disciplining methods used can be more effective hereby translating in fewer cases of adolescent delinquency....
Introduction According to Jean Piaget’s theory, children’s cognitive development depends on the implementation of their needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy. This traditional formula includes physiological, safety, emotional, esteem, and self-actualization aspects that are actual for children. In this research they will be adapted to the age group of 6-8-year-olds with...
In order to relax and distract from problems or daily routine, people tend to dedicate their time to hobbies. Some individuals prefer singing, cooking, or painting, whereas others are fond of gaming. On the one hand, playing video or online games can be considered an important tool for education and...
Impact of Operant Conditioning on Development Child development is closely associated with the way in which parents may condition them to develop favorable and appropriate behaviors throughout the period of growing up. Thus, operant conditioning, which was initially developed by B.F. Skinner, is implemented to change behaviors by using a...
Introduction Rape is an age-old crime. However, researchers have only recently started to explore the intrigues of sexual offenses. In fact, only new pressures from feminist movements have forced many societies to start treating rape as a serious human rights violation (Jordan, 2002). Independent of this pressure, the global prevalence...
The Dykeman Article investigates the change in behavior patterns of fifteen children who were the victims of parental discord and divorce. Through the system of family intervention and conducting sample tests, it was observed that within six months there was considerable improvement in communication skills and reduction of verbal aggression....
Psychology studies the human mind and aspects of behavior, a practice that has existed since the ancient Greeks and Egyptians. Psychology had been a subject and branch of philosophy until 1870s, when the subject grew independent in countries, especially Germany (Schultz & Schultz, 2011). Psychology, as we know it today...
Physical needs Children at the kindergarten level have to be provided with the appropriate physical learning environment because this stage marks the peak of their motor skill learning. Children should portray positive learning in motor skills to enable effective interaction with their environment. Meeting the physical needs of children in...
With the advent of the internet, the process of communication and social networking underwent major changes. It became much easier for individuals to link up with each other both by text chatting and by audiovisual ways. Social networking websites such as Facebook came up to help individuals trace and regain...
Introduction Humans and human behavior are deeply rooted in the genetic makeup and environmental conditions. Several key theories and research within biological, cognitive, and social psychology can explain the strong biological influence of nature on human behavior. The latter implies a complex set of various psychological factors, including group processes...
Psychologists have already conducted a great variety of studies to reveal the mystery of the human mind and behavior. Yet, the scope of unexplored questions still seems to be broad. The author of this paper aims at obtaining a doctorate degree in psychology and make a contribution to this research...
Symptoms of anxiety commonly co-occur in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) adding extra burden to people already suffering from this condition. According to Bejerot, Eriksson, and Mörtberg (2014), close to 50 percent of people diagnosed with ASD have reported significant levels of anxiety, which affects their day-to-day functioning. Even in cases...
Memory, cognition, cognitive control, and consciousness are important processes that require detailed examination and research. Several studies have been conducted in order to address these topics and answer problematic questions, including the works by Barrett and Kurzban (2006), Koch and Tsuchiya (2012), Dijksterhuis and Strick (2016), and Eichenbaum (2017). The...
Introduction Emergency medical service (EMS) workers often encounter distressing traumatic events, also known as critical incidents (Mitchell, 1983), due to the nature of their work. This generally involves treating critically injured individuals, acting promptly in critical circumstances, and attending cases where they witness threats to others (Regehr et al., 2003a;...
Currently, it is possible to determine several, rather innovative views on the nature of memory processes. Thus, many researchers tend to examine the concept of memory and associated processes in detail in order to explain their specifics (Gage & Baars, 2018). The article by Klein (2015), which is titled “What...
Modern views in clinical psychology have been formed, altered, and revised for centuries. Apart from the original research and compelling theories, a major impact on the emerging field was made by a number of circumstances, which formed a setting for new discoveries. In particular, intellectual, social, and political contexts have...
The process of psychology development is a challenging goal that is often restricted by the factors that the community poses Since the application of theoretical knowledge to practical problems requires a successful and comprehensive problem management technique to be closely familiar to the environment in which one sets their jokes...